Peptide Compound Database

Semax is a synthetic peptide analog of a fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 4-10), developed in Russia for cognitive and neuroprotective applications. Human clinical use is reported in Russia for stroke and cognition, but it is not FDA-approved and independent randomized controlled trials are limited. It is used in research contexts to study neuroprotection and BDNF expression.

BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) derived from a protective protein found in human gastric juice. Preclinical research suggests it promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair. As of 2026 it has not been studied in published human randomized controlled trials and is not FDA-approved; the evidence base is almost entirely animal models. It is used in research contexts to study tendon, ligament, and gut healing.

TB-500 is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the active region of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring protein involved in actin regulation and cell migration. Animal studies investigate roles in wound healing and tissue repair. It is not FDA-approved and lacks published human randomized controlled trials. It is used in research contexts to study recovery and angiogenesis.

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA (as Ozempic and Rybelsus for type 2 diabetes, and Wegovy for chronic weight management). It is supported by large phase 3 randomized controlled trials, including cardiovascular outcome data. It is a prescription medication; gray-market research-chemical versions carry significant purity and safety concerns.

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA (as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and Zepbound for chronic weight management). It is supported by large phase 3 randomized controlled trials demonstrating significant glycemic and weight outcomes. It is a prescription medication; non-prescription research-chemical sourcing carries substantial purity and safety risks.

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide and selective growth hormone secretagogue that mimics ghrelin at the GHS-R1a receptor to stimulate pulsatile growth hormone release. It is not FDA-approved and has not been evaluated in published human efficacy randomized controlled trials; the evidence base is preclinical. It is studied for relatively selective GH release with minimal effect on cortisol or prolactin.

MK-677 (ibutamoren) is an orally active, non-peptide growth hormone secretagogue that mimics ghrelin at the GHS-R1a receptor to raise growth hormone and IGF-1. Despite extensive clinical investigation it has never received FDA approval, and recognized effects include increased appetite and reduced insulin sensitivity. It is included here as a widely discussed secretagogue although it is a small molecule rather than a peptide.

CJC-1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29), commonly studied alongside ghrelin-mimetic secretagogues. A DAC (drug affinity complex) variant is designed for an extended half-life. It is not FDA-approved and lacks published human efficacy randomized controlled trials; mechanistic data come largely from early pharmacology studies and animal models.

Bremelanotide (PT-141) is a melanocortin receptor agonist approved by the FDA (as Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. It is supported by phase 3 randomized controlled trials (the RECONNECT program). It is an approved prescription medication administered by subcutaneous injection.

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, developed in Russia as an anxiolytic. Some human clinical reports from originating institutions describe anti-anxiety effects, but it is not FDA-approved and lacks large independent randomized controlled trials. It is used in research contexts to study anxiety, BDNF, and immune modulation.

GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) found naturally in human plasma, with levels declining with age. It is well studied in topical cosmetic formulations for skin appearance, where human data exist; injectable systemic use is not FDA-approved and is largely preclinical. It is used in research contexts to study skin remodeling and wound repair.

Retatrutide is an investigational triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors being developed for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Phase 2 randomized controlled trials reported among the largest weight reductions seen for an incretin-based therapy, and phase 3 trials are underway. It is not FDA-approved and is not available as a finished prescription product.

Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that non-selectively activates melanocortin receptors, producing skin pigmentation and other effects. It is not approved by the FDA for any use, and regulators have warned about unregulated products sold for tanning. Reported effects and adverse events come largely from case reports and small studies rather than controlled efficacy trials.

LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, with roles in innate immunity, antimicrobial defense, and wound healing. It is not FDA-approved as a therapeutic and has no established human efficacy randomized controlled trials; evidence is preclinical and mechanistic. It has context-dependent effects and has been implicated in both protective immunity and certain inflammatory conditions.

AOD-9604 is a synthetic fragment of human growth hormone (the C-terminal 176-191 region) originally developed as an anti-obesity agent. Clinical trials for weight loss did not demonstrate significant efficacy versus placebo, and it was not approved as a drug; it has since been marketed in some regions as a food or cosmetic ingredient. Evidence for body-composition or repair benefits in humans is weak.

Humanin is a small mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for cytoprotective and neuroprotective signaling and its potential role in aging and metabolic regulation. It is not FDA-approved and has no published human efficacy randomized controlled trials; the evidence base is preclinical and mechanistic. It is investigated largely in cell and animal models of neurodegeneration and metabolic stress.

Afamelanotide is a synthetic alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) analog approved by the FDA (as Scenesse) to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). It is delivered as a subcutaneous implant and is supported by randomized controlled trials for that indication. It is a prescription product and is not approved for cosmetic tanning.

Cagrilintide is an investigational long-acting amylin analog studied for weight management, including in combination with semaglutide (the CagriSema program). Phase 2 randomized controlled trials support meaningful weight reduction, and phase 3 development is ongoing. It is not FDA-approved as a standalone product.

Tesamorelin is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog approved by the FDA (as Egrifta) to reduce excess visceral abdominal fat in people with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. It is supported by phase 3 randomized controlled trials for that specific indication. It is a prescription medication and is not approved for general body-composition or anti-aging use.

Cerebrolysin is a peptide preparation derived from porcine brain tissue, marketed in several countries for stroke, dementia, and traumatic brain injury, but not approved by the FDA in the United States. Human clinical trials exist with mixed results, and meta-analyses have reached cautious or inconclusive conclusions for several indications. It is administered by injection in the countries where it is available.

Thymosin alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid peptide derived from prothymosin alpha that modulates immune function, particularly T-cell maturation. It is approved or registered in several countries (as Zadaxin) for indications such as chronic hepatitis B and as an immune adjuvant, but it is not FDA-approved in the United States. Human clinical data exist for several infectious and immune indications, with mixed and indication-dependent results.

Gonadorelin is a synthetic form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) used clinically to stimulate pituitary release of LH and FSH. It has FDA-recognized use (as Factrel) primarily as a diagnostic agent for evaluating gonadotropic function, and related GnRH agonists are widely used in medicine. It is a prescription product; research-channel use for other purposes is unproven.

Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes (as Victoza) and for chronic weight management (as Saxenda). It is supported by large phase 3 randomized controlled trials, including the LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial and the SCALE obesity program. It is a once-daily injectable prescription medication.

Dihexa is a synthetic angiotensin IV-derived peptide studied for its potential to promote synaptogenesis via hepatocyte growth factor / c-Met signaling. It is not FDA-approved and has no published human efficacy randomized controlled trials; evidence is preclinical, primarily in rodent models of cognitive impairment. It is investigated as a candidate for neurodegenerative and cognitive applications.

Sermorelin is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 29 amino acids of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29). It was previously marketed in the United States (as Geref) for diagnostic and pediatric growth indications and is no longer sold as an approved product, though it remains available through compounding. Human data exist mainly from its diagnostic and earlier clinical use.

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a naturally occurring nonapeptide first isolated for its association with slow-wave sleep. It is not FDA-approved and has no robust modern human efficacy randomized controlled trials; the evidence base is older, small, and inconsistent. It is studied in the context of sleep regulation and stress responses.

Thymosin beta-4 is a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid peptide central to actin regulation, cell migration, and tissue repair. Full-length thymosin beta-4 (distinct from the TB-500 fragment marketed in research-chemical channels) has been evaluated in early human clinical trials for indications such as dry eye and wound healing. It is not FDA-approved; evidence is a mix of early-phase human trials and extensive preclinical work.

KPV is a synthetic tripeptide corresponding to the C-terminal fragment (lysine-proline-valine) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, studied for anti-inflammatory activity. It is not FDA-approved and has no published human efficacy randomized controlled trials; evidence is preclinical, with animal and cell models examining gut and skin inflammation. It is investigated as an anti-inflammatory research peptide.

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) based on the pineal peptide epithalamin. Russian research groups report effects on telomerase activity and circadian regulation, but independent human randomized controlled trials are lacking and it is not FDA-approved. It is used in research contexts to study aging biomarkers and the pineal–circadian axis.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA region that acts as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. It is not FDA-approved and has not been studied in published human efficacy randomized controlled trials; current evidence is preclinical, with rodent studies linking it to improved metabolic and exercise-related outcomes.